Java is a powerhouse of a language suitable for use in many environments, footprints, and form-factors. As we collectively learn more about how to write cloud applications, we're seeing more nuanced discussions about how we build applications: should we be using monoliths or microservices? Should I use cloud functions? What is a modular monolith and is it a good idea or not? These choices require thoughtful architectural decisions and optimization strategies, not only at the code level but also in fostering effective teamwork. This talk delves deep into the architectural nuances and trade-offs essential for making informed decisions in these deployment paradigms.